Featured Contributors
View allGraham Lee
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
Peter Shah
PROFESSOR
Imran Masood
CONSULTANT
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
PROFESSOR
CONSULTANT
BACKGROUND: Measures of population-level influenza severity are important for public health planning, but estimates are often based on case-fatality and case-hospitalization risks, which require multiple data sources, are prone to surveillance biases, and are typically unavailable in the early stages of an outbreak. To address the limitations of traditional indicators, we propose a novel severity index based on influenza age dynamics estimated from routine physician diagnosis data that can be used retrospectively and for early warning.
METHODS: We developed a quantitative 'ground truth' severity benchmark that synthesizes multiple traditional severity indicators from publicly available influenza surveillance data in the United States. Observing that the age distribution of cases may signal severity early in an epidemic, we constructed novel retrospective and early warning severity indexes based on the relative risk of influenza-like illness (ILI) among working-age adults to that among school-aged children using weekly outpatient medical claims. We compared our relative risk-based indexes to the composite benchmark and estimated seasonal severity for flu seasons from 2001-02 to 2008-09 at the national and state levels.
RESULTS: The severity classifications made by the benchmark were not uniquely captured by any single contributing metric, including pneumonia and influenza mortality; the influenza epidemics of 2003-04 and 2007-08 were correctly identified as the most severe of the study period. The retrospective index was well correlated with the severity benchmark and correctly identified the two most severe seasons. The early warning index performance varied, but it projected 2007-08 as relatively severe 10 weeks prior to the epidemic peak. Influenza severity varied significantly among states within seasons, and four states were identified as possible early warning sentinels for national severity.
CONCLUSIONS: Differences in age patterns of ILI may be used to characterize seasonal influenza severity in the United States in real-time and in a spatially resolved way. Future research on antigenic changes among circulating viruses, pre-existing immunity, and changing contact patterns may better elucidate the mechanisms underlying these indexes. Researchers and practitioners should consider the use of composite or ILI-based severity metrics in addition to traditional severity measures to inform epidemiological understanding and situational awareness in future seasonal outbreaks.
HARD ON FITNESS
2014 Personal Trainer
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I've been with Alan for five days now for work experience for my school. At the start of the week on Monday I wasn't to sure about joining the fitness industry, but by the end of my shift on Monday at 6 pm I felt like the fitness industry is interesting and it may be an alternative pathway for me after school, as I am in my last day of work experience. I would love to be part of the fitness industry because of Alan's help and motivation, I have liked and enjoyed my week and hope to be training side by side with Alan and hard on fitness soon.
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Hard On Fitness , Holland Park QLD 4121. Full contact details for Hard On Fitness including phone number, map and reviews - TrueLocal.
2014 Personal Trainer
PubMed Always Ask
Getting To know Who We are and what our clients say about us.
Thank You
for being part of HOF Personal Trainer
Profile Adam
Please explain a bit about yourself (occupation).
Teacher
Survey
Please answer the questions
1. How did you find Hard On Fitness?
On the internet
2. Name one of your personal goals that you have achieved while training at Hard On Fitness?
Just to keep and stay active
3. Why would you recommend someone to train at Hard On Fitness?
The quality of personal training from alan
4. How has having a trainer at Hard On Fitness helped you?
Keeping my motivation u
5. How would you Rate Hard On Fitness Management?
10/10
Hard On Fitness studio, conveniently and centrally located at Holland Park on Brisbane’s south side, is a place where you can feel safe, secure, comfortable and feel truly confident that your training sessions will achieve great results. You will be supported and motivated each step of the way by one of our qualified Personal Trainers.
Your goals, are our goals! Hard On Fitness strive to make sure Clients reach their goals. Helping them feel better about themself, look fitter, and feel healthier and more energetic.
Types of Training available at Hard On Fitness.
· Persons wanting to shed just a few extra kilos, or even many kilos and keep them off
· Sportspersons, from amateur to professional
· Persons who are fitness training to enter the armed forces or emergency services, or to maintain their strength and fitness for these jobs.
· Rehabilitation of persons who have suffered a physical injury
· Persons with varying physical and mental, disability and illness, including the vision impaired
· All ages, from teenage to senior
· Specialised group training sessions for seniors, to provide strength and stamina for their daily routine and activities
Training programs are tailored to suit each individual, are designed to be exciting yet challenging, and are modified as required to achieve goals and optimise results.
Challenge us today!
The first step is always the hardest, and that’s picking up the phone. Call Hard On Fitness today on 0407 594 861.
Hof
Though we may not give them much thought unless they’re bothering us, our internal organs are what allow us to go on eating, breathing and walking around. Here are some things to consider the next time you hear your stomach growl.
1. The largest internal organ is the small intestine. Despite being called the smaller of the two intestines, your small intestine is actually four times as long as the average adult is tall. If it weren’t looped back and forth upon itself it wouldn’t fit inside the abdominal cavity.
2. The human heart creates enough pressure to squirt blood 30 feet. No wonder you can feel your heartbeat so easily. Pumping blood through your body quickly and efficiently takes quite a bit of pressure resulting in the strong contractions of the heart and the thick walls of the ventricles which push blood to the body.
3. The acid in your stomach is strong enough to dissolve razorblades. While you certainly shouldn’t test the fortitude of your stomach by eating a razorblade or any other metal object for that matter, the acids that digest the food you eat aren’t to be taken lightly. Hydrochloric acid, the type found in your stomach, is not only good at dissolving the pizza you had for dinner but can also eat through many types of metal.
4. The human body is estimated to have 60,000 miles of blood vessels. To put that in perspective, the distance around the earth is about 25,000 miles, making the distance your blood vessels could travel if laid end to end more than two times around the earth.
5. You get a new stomach lining every three to four days. The mucus-like cells lining the walls of the stomach would soon dissolve due to the strong digestive acids in your stomach if they weren’t constantly replaced. Those with ulcers know how painful it can be when stomach acid takes its toll on the lining of your stomach.
6. The surface area of a human lung is equal to a tennis court. In order to more efficiently oxygenate the blood, the lungs are filled with thousands of branching bronchi and tiny, grape-like alveoli. These are filled with microscopic capillaries which oxygen and carbon dioxide. The large amount of surface area makes it easier for this exchange to take place, and makes sure you stay properly oxygenated at all times.
7. Women’s hearts beat faster than men’s.The main reason for this is simply that on average women tend to be smaller than men and have less mass to pump blood to. But women’s and men’s hearts can actually act quite differently, especially when experiencing trauma like a heart attack, and many treatments that work for men must be adjusted or changed entirely to work for women.
8. Scientists have counted over 500 different liver functions. You may not think much about your liver except after a long night of drinking, but the liver is one of the body’s hardest working, largest and busiest organs. Some of the functions your liver performs are: production of bile, decomposition of red blood cells, plasma protein synthesis, and detoxification.
10. The aorta is nearly the diameter of a garden hose. The average adult heart is about the size of two fists, making the size of the aorta quite impressive. The artery needs to be so large as it is the main supplier of rich, oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.
2014 Personal Trainer
PubMed Always Ask
Getting To know Who We are and what our clients say about us.
Thank You
for being part of HOF Personal Training
Profile
Name Zita
Zita
2014 Personal Trainer
Getting To know Who We are and what our clients say about us.
We thank Zita
Please explain a bit about yourself (occupation).
Business Owner
Survey
Please answer the questions
1. How did you find Hard On Fitness?
I found hard on fitness through a mutual friend/advertising
2. Name one of your personal goals that you have achieved while training at Hard On Fitness?
More energy, more toned in the body
3. Why would you recommend someone to train at Hard On Fitness?
I have recommended other associates to hard on fitness
4. How has having a trainer at Hard On Fitness helped you?
It has given me discipline and commitment to do exercised
5. How would you Rate Hard On Fitness Management?
Its very well organised and rating for hard on fitness is 9 out of 10
Hard On Fitness studio, conveniently and centrally located at Holland Park on Brisbane’s south side, is a place where you can feel safe, secure, comfortable and feel truly confident that your training sessions will achieve great results. You will be supported and motivated each step of the way by one of our qualified Personal Trainers.
Your goals, are our goals! Hard On Fitness strive to make sure Clients reach their goals. Helping them feel better about themself, look fitter, and feel healthier and more energetic.
Types of Training available at Hard On Fitness.
· Persons wanting to shed just a few extra kilos, or even many kilos and keep them off
· Sportspersons, from amateur to professional
· Persons who are fitness training to enter the armed forces or emergency services, or to maintain their strength and fitness for these jobs.
· Rehabilitation of persons who have suffered a physical injury
· Persons with varying physical and mental, disability and illness, including the vision impaired
· All ages, from teenage to senior
· Specialised group training sessions for seniors, to provide strength and stamina for their daily routine and activities
Training programs are tailored to suit each individual, are designed to be exciting yet challenging, and are modified as required to achieve goals and optimise results.
Challenge us today!
The first step is always the hardest, and that’s picking up the phone. Call Hard On Fitness today on 0407 594 861.