Monday 29 February 2016

Hard On Fitness International Ophthalmology Portal best Web Sight for 1st March 2016



Best Web sight for 1st March 2016
 

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Graham Lee

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR

Associate Professor Graham Lee is from Brisbane, Australia.  He completed his Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery in 1991, a Master of Medical Science in Ophthalmology in 1994, Fellowship of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmology in 1999 and a Doctorate of Medicine in 2005.  I

Peter Shah

PROFESSOR

Professor Peter Shah is a Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon and Supra-Regional Glaucoma Specialist at University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust. He is also a Visiting Professor to the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology).

Imran Masood

CONSULTANT

Mr Imran Masood is a Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon and Director of the Glaucoma service at the prestigious Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre (a tertiary referral centre).

About IOP

The International Ophthalmology Portal is an online web-based teaching site established to deliver high quality lectures on a wide range of Ophthalmic conditions.  Experts renown in their respective fields are being invited to contribute lectures on topic/s they are passionate to present and share their invaluable knowledge.  This distilled information comes after years of experience and cannot be found in textbooks.  The purpose of the shorter lecture format is to concentrate the information delivered to maximise the experience of the viewer.  We hope you learn and are enlightened by this portal of knowledge that will continue to evolve over time.

When you first access the website, you will notice there are 3 minute previews of most of the videos with the IOP logo watermark.  Once you have paid (amounts in Australian dollars) to view the video or an annual subscription, the video will be able to be played in full without the watermark.  Most videos are 20 minutes or longer and contain illustrative figures, images or video as relevant to the topic.  If you have any questions, comments or suggestions, please forward to us via office@iop.vision

 
 

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Sunday 28 February 2016

Hard On Fitness Detecting signals of seasonal influenza severity through age Best article 29th Fev 2016

http://hardonfitness.com.au/

The best article for Monday 29th Feb 2016


  

Detecting signals of seasonal influenza severity through age dynamics.

Lee EC, et al. BMC Infect Dis. 2015.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Measures of population-level influenza severity are important for public health planning, but estimates are often based on case-fatality and case-hospitalization risks, which require multiple data sources, are prone to surveillance biases, and are typically unavailable in the early stages of an outbreak. To address the limitations of traditional indicators, we propose a novel severity index based on influenza age dynamics estimated from routine physician diagnosis data that can be used retrospectively and for early warning.

METHODS: We developed a quantitative 'ground truth' severity benchmark that synthesizes multiple traditional severity indicators from publicly available influenza surveillance data in the United States. Observing that the age distribution of cases may signal severity early in an epidemic, we constructed novel retrospective and early warning severity indexes based on the relative risk of influenza-like illness (ILI) among working-age adults to that among school-aged children using weekly outpatient medical claims. We compared our relative risk-based indexes to the composite benchmark and estimated seasonal severity for flu seasons from 2001-02 to 2008-09 at the national and state levels.

RESULTS: The severity classifications made by the benchmark were not uniquely captured by any single contributing metric, including pneumonia and influenza mortality; the influenza epidemics of 2003-04 and 2007-08 were correctly identified as the most severe of the study period. The retrospective index was well correlated with the severity benchmark and correctly identified the two most severe seasons. The early warning index performance varied, but it projected 2007-08 as relatively severe 10 weeks prior to the epidemic peak. Influenza severity varied significantly among states within seasons, and four states were identified as possible early warning sentinels for national severity.

CONCLUSIONS: Differences in age patterns of ILI may be used to characterize seasonal influenza severity in the United States in real-time and in a spatially resolved way. Future research on antigenic changes among circulating viruses, pre-existing immunity, and changing contact patterns may better elucidate the mechanisms underlying these indexes. Researchers and practitioners should consider the use of composite or ILI-based severity metrics in addition to traditional severity measures to inform epidemiological understanding and situational awareness in future seasonal outbreaks.

PMID

 26715193 [PubMed - in process] 

PMCID

 PMC4696185

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Thursday 25 February 2016

Hard On Fitness severe headache, Best article Friday 26th Feb

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severe headache, 

The best article for Friday 26th Feb 2016





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Somatic symptoms in headache patients: the influence of headache diagnosis, frequency, and comorbidity.
Maizels M, et al. Headache. 2004 Nov-Dec.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Mood disorders of anxiety and depression are well known to be comorbid with primary headache disorders. Less is known of the comorbidity of other somatic symptoms with headache.

METHODS: Headache Clinic patients were screened with the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD), a multidimensional psychiatric screening tool. The prevalence of somatic symptoms was compared by headache diagnosis, frequency of 
severe headache, and psychiatric diagnosis. Follow-up data were obtained 6 months 

after consultation.

RESULTS: Clinical diagnoses and PRIME-MD data were available for 289 patients. Associated somatic symptoms were more frequent in patients with chronic migraine (mean 5.5, P<.001) and chronic daily headache (CDH) (6.3, P=.008) compared to episodic migraine (4.0); in patients with severe headache >2 days per week compared to <or=2 days per week (6.15 vs. 4.15, P<.001); and in patients with a clinical diagnosis of anxiety or depression, or both, compared to no anxiety or depression, (5.7, P=.05, 5.2, P<.05, and 6.8, P<.001, respectively, vs. 4.5). The most common specific symptoms were fatigue (73%), sleep difficulty (60%), and nausea/indigestion (55%). Compared to a primary care sample, patients with severe headache >2 days per week had significantly higher somatic counts (P=.01). Six-month follow-up data were available for 140 patients. Associated symptoms decreased both for patients with and without decrease in severe headache frequency (mean reduction of 1.0, P=.01 and 0.8, P=.003, respectively).

CONCLUSION: Associated somatic symptoms are more common in patients with chronic migraine and CDH, with more frequent severe headaches, and with associated anxiety or depression. Patients with episodic migraine have similar somatic prevalence as a previously studied primary care population. The spectrum of headache disorders may be characterized as showing increasing somatic prevalence as headaches, particularly severe headaches, become more frequent.

PMID 15546261 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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